Law

Indirect perpetration has so far been understood as a mechanism of attribution. Johannes Gründel questions this understanding and examines whether, instead, the causal contribution can be placed at the forefront and the conduct of the direct actor can be taken into account within the framework of objective attribution.

Fundamental rights in the classical sense are based on a principle of primacy. At least in an overall view of holders and addressees of fundamental rights, human beings must enjoy a higher level of protection than the state. In no case do fundamental rights protect the state against its citizens.

The Ecological Analysis of Law proposed by Simon Marx examines the ecological consequences of legal decisions, evaluates state action on the basis of the criteria of resource sufficiency and resource consistency, and develops solutions that ensure livable conditions without disproportionately restricting fundamental rights and freedoms.

Fabian Michl offers a fresh perspective on German electoral law by contrasting the paradigms of personal and party representation. He shows how parliaments, parties, governments, and courts shape electoral rules beyond power politics, tracing paradigm shifts from the nineteenth century up to recent reforms.