Law

States of emergencies often pose a greater threat to human rights than to the state itself. Max Milas examines how human rights adjudicative bodies in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the UN have developed and applied consistent standards in states of emergencies - upholding human rights through a shared, legitimacy-driven approach.

Fabian Michl offers a fresh perspective on German electoral law by contrasting the paradigms of personal and party representation. He shows how parliaments, parties, governments, and courts shape electoral rules beyond power politics, tracing paradigm shifts from the nineteenth century up to recent reforms.

Self-defence is directed against the attacker - but what applies when defensive action simultaneously affects legal interests of the public at large? Philipp Alexander Burek explores a largely neglected borderline area of criminal law scholarship and recalibrates the law of self-defence where criminal offences protect multiple legal interests.

Viktoria Kraetzig develops a paradigm for the interface of doctrinal concepts in the European multi-level system. According to it, national law and EU law are linked in such a way that EU law establishes requirements for national private law in terms of its substance and, in some cases, its form, but never in terms of its doctrinal principles.